eDrum
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eDrum - Schematics
Schematics
Description
The eDrum controller consists of PIC16F877, opamp LM324, LCD 16x2 and MAX232. You can download and view the PIC16F877 datasheet for more information on this microcontroller, and here are the datasheets for MAX232 and LM324.
The PIC is the real heart of the system. It's responsible for A/D conversion, calculating and sending MIDI data and interacting with the user through the simple LCD + 4 button interface.
The circuit including MAX232 and DB9 connector (labbeled as Serial Out) is for the users of PC without MIDI input, like laptop computers.
Power supply unit has two separate voltage regulators, for digital and analog part of the circuit. A wall transformer with output voltage from 12 to 15V and some 500mA will be sufficient. It is connected to J2.
If the LCD has backlight, then the values of the current limiting resistors can be adjusted for optimal brightness (normally 47..100 ohms).
NOTE for firmware up to v1.2 ONLY: Digital inputs from switches are connected to J4 and ground. The purpose of jumper JMP1 is to allow pull-up or pull-down input lines, depending on type of the switch used.
Analog inputs from piezo triggers need some more complicated electronic circuit, as you can see on the schematics below.
I choose LM324 because of it's capability to work with signals from GND (including 0V) to something below Vcc (Vcc-1.4V). To achive 0-5V output for full ADC range, LM324 has a separated power supply of 8V.
The piezo sensors are connected to the input jacks with shielded cable. The purpose of the gain pots P1..8 is to match the sensibility of pads, as they can be different and produce different output voltage.
The use of the schottky diode BAT85 is VERY important, as the circuit doesn't work correctly without it (actually, it will work, but with much less sensitivity).
Output from this stage (J9) is connected to J3 and J4 on the digital board.
You may have noticed that there are some strange pins labeled as "AGND". It is conection to the "analog ground" that is separated from GND "digital ground", for better signal-to-noise ratio. eDrum is actually using 10 bit resolution A/D, and separate grounds for analog and digital parts of the circuit are needed. This is something to worry about when making the PCB layout.
The analog and digital ground must be connected together in one single point, in order to avoid ground loops. The best way to do this is to connect pin 2 of 78L05 with pin 2 of 78L08.
Component list
NOTE: Always check the latest schematics for correct part values.
Bill Of Materials
=================
Design: eDrum Controller
Doc. no.: 1
Revision: 1.3
Author: Admir Salahovic
Modified: 08/07/05
QTY PART-REFS VALUE
--- --------- -----
Resistors
---------
2 R1,R2 220
3 R3,R16,R21 1k
3 R4,R15,R17 10k
12 R5-R14,R18,R19 100
1 R20 2k2
Capacitors
----------
2 C1,C2 22pF
1 C3 1000uF
10 C4,C5,C7,C8,C10-C15 100nF
2 C6,C9 1uF
Integrated Circuits
-------------------
1 U1 PIC16F877-20
1 U2 78L05
1 U3 78L08
1 U4 MAX232
1 U5 4051
Diodes
------
3 D1,D4,D5 LED
2 D2,D3 1N4148
Miscellaneous
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1 BR1 B40C500
1 J1 DIN 5B 180 F
1 J2 CONN-H2
2 J3,J4 CONN-H10
3 J5,J7A,J7B CONN-H4
2 J6A,J6B CONN-H16
1 J7 DB9-F
1 L1 LINK
1 LCD1 16x2
1 RV1 10k Lin
4 S1-S4 PUSHBUTTON
1 X1 20MHz
===========================
Design: Analog board
Revision: 0.6
Modified: 01/05/03
QTY PART-REFS VALUE
--- --------- -----
Resistors
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8 R1,R11,R21,R31,R41,R51,R61, 47k
R71
16 R2,R3,R12,R13,R22,R23,R32, 100k
R33,R42,R43,R52,R53,R62,R63,
R72,R73
8 R4,R14,R24,R34,R44,R54,R64, 1k
R74
Capacitors
----------
16 C1,C2,C11,C12,C21,C22,C31, 100nF
C32,C41,C42,C51,C52,C61,C62,
C71,C72
2 C101,C102 1uF
Integrated Circuits
-------------------
2 U1,U2 LM324
Diodes
------
8 D1,D11,D21,D31,D41,D51,D61, BAT85
D71
8 D2,D12,D22,D32,D42,D52,D62, 1N4148
D72
Miscellaneous
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8 J1,J2,J3,J4,J5,J6,J7,J8 JACK NC
1 J9 SIL10
8 P1,P2,P3,P4,P5,P6,P7,P8 100k
If you have questions regarding the circuit, please post them in the forum.